I guess closers don't count (Gagne).
Yeah, probably not in the spirit of the question. More of a SP thing - it makes the ERA more impactful, and indicative that he was consistently good and thus his record should reflect that.
SP pitches 30ish games a year, multiple innings each. Closer, or any reliever, can pitch 70+, which means a losing record might be the result of just a handful of atrocious appearances not apparent in his ERA due to being ironed out by 50+ good games. As such, I think it makes sense to consider only SPers.
I am surprised a long list of unluckier guys hasn't been posted yet - maybe it's a rarer accomplishment than I first thought. 8-16, 2.76 ERA is... impossible. Except it isn't. Wow, what a godawful season Ryan had. He must have been ready to put hits out on his teammates by the end of the year.
Interestingly though, percentage wise? Stras ain't that far. Double his record both ways now because the low number of decisions he has can be deceiving, 12-18. Add two more losses and two or three no decisions before October, you'd have 12-22 (Or, in real world/non-hyperbolic terms, 6-11). Almost exactly the .333 of Ryan's '87 campaign. As much as those few decisions might mitigate Strasburg's season in comparison to Ryan, while he would have nearly half the number of losses, the same applies for wins, too. I'd almost argue that having so many more no decisions makes it all the more painful, an indication his bullpen failed him unlike Ryan, who mostly controlled his own destiny record-wise.
It'd be different if Ryan pitched a ton more games - that ain't the case. 1987 he appeared in 34 games. Strasburg, 26 thus far, meaning what, 32 by season's end? I vote, and this is worst case scenario down the stretch, that a 6-11/12, 2.90, 32 games starter hurts worse than 8-16, 2.76, 34 games given the 'master of your own destiny' factor Ryan has on his side.